What Causes Asphalt to Become Rough?
Understanding what makes asphalt rough is the first step to fixing it. Several factors play a role, from the weather to how the surface is used.
Environmental Factors Contributing to Asphalt Deterioration
Weather changes are often the main troublemakers. Hot summers, cold winters, rain, and intense sunlight each take a toll. Temperature swings cause the asphalt to expand and contract. This constant movement can create small cracks that grow over time. Rain and UV rays penetrate the surface, breaking down the binder that holds everything together.
In colder climates, freeze-thaw cycles are especially harsh. When water seeps into tiny cracks and freezes, it expands, forcing the cracks to grow larger. This cycle repeats, leading to bigger ruts and ragged patches. For example, asphalt roads in northern states face more damage than those in milder climates, often showing more potholes and rough patches.
Traffic and Usage Effects on Asphalt Surface Quality
Roads and driveways endure more wear when heavy trucks or frequent traffic pass over them. Each vehicle causes tiny vibrations and stress on the surface. Over time, this leads to rutting—those deep grooves runners find annoying—plus cracks and surface pitting.
Heavy traffic wears down asphalt faster, especially if trucks or buses frequently cross the same area. Some studies suggest high-traffic areas might need resurfacing every 8-10 years to stay smooth and safe. Without proper upkeep, the surface becomes uneven and unsafe for vehicles and pedestrians.
Age and Material Degradation
Asphalt isn’t meant to last forever. The materials inside—especially the binder—naturally degrade as the years pass. Oxidation causes the asphalt to become brittle and cracks more easily. Sun exposure speeds this process, making the surface rougher and more prone to damage.
Most asphalt surfaces last around 15-20 years if they’re well-maintained. When signs like extensive cracking, raveling (where tiny bits break loose), and loss of smoothness appear, it’s a signal that aging has set in. Regular checkups help catch these problems early.
Poor Installation and Maintenance Practices
Sometimes, rough asphalt isn’t just about the weather or traffic. Bad installation can set the stage for early trouble. If the ground beneath isn’t properly compacted or if the base isn’t stable, cracks and dips will develop faster.
Skipping routine maintenance—like sealing cracks or applying sealcoats—also causes roughness. Water can seep through cracks, eroding the base beneath and leading to more surface damage. Proper drainage matters, too; poorly draining surfaces trap water, accelerating deterioration.
How to Identify and Assess Asphalt Roughness
Knowing what rough asphalt looks like helps decide what to do next. Visual checks and measurement tools provide a clear picture of surface health.
Visual Inspection Techniques
Start with a walk-around. Look for extensive cracking, potholes, or sections where the surface starts to break apart. Raveling patches and uneven spots—where the surface dips or rises—are signs the asphalt is failing. Deep ruts or areas where water pools can indicate severe deterioration.
Using Measurement Tools and Data
For a more precise assessment, professionals often use devices like profilometers, which measure surface smoothness. These tools give numbers showing how even or uneven a surface is.
While you can do basic checks yourself, hiring experts ensures accuracy. Professional inspections can spot problems before they become costly repairs. Regular testing keeps your asphalt in good shape longer.
When to Call Professional Asphalt Inspectors
If your surface shows major cracks, large potholes, or extensive raveling, it’s time for a pro. Early evaluation means simpler, cheaper fixes. Experts can recommend whether patching, resurfacing, or full replacement suits your needs.
Methods to Smooth Out Rough Asphalt
Once you’ve identified the problem, there are multiple ways to restore smoothness. The best method depends on age, damage, and budget.
Asphalt Milling and Resurfacing
Milling is like sanding a rough board; it removes the top layer of damaged asphalt. After milling, a new layer of asphalt is applied. This process rejuvenates the surface without a full replacement—saving money and time.
Resurfacing is ideal for surfaces with surface cracks and moderate roughness. It provides a fresh, even layer, improving both look and function.
Asphalt Patching and Crack Sealing
Small cracks and potholes are easy to fix with patches. Cold patches are quick but not durable, while hot mix patches last longer. Sealing cracks with rubberized sealant prevents water from getting in and causing more damage.
Timing is key. Seal cracks before winter or rainy seasons to prevent water infiltration that worsens deterioration.
Full-Depth Reclamation and Replacement
For severely damaged asphalt, patching isn’t enough. Removing the entire surface and base layer lets you rebuild from scratch. This process, called full-depth reclamation, restores a foundational level of stability.
Complete replacement is necessary when cracks or rutting compromise safety. Large highway repairs often involve total removal and rebuild, ensuring long-term durability.
Preventative Maintenance Strategies
The best way to keep asphalt smooth is prevention. Regular sealcoating forms a protective barrier against weather and wear. Good drainage avoids water pooling, which speeds up deterioration.
Scheduling routine inspections helps catch small problems early. Prompt repairs save money and extend the life of your surface.
DIY Tips for Smoothing and Maintaining Asphalt
Minor cracks and rough spots can sometimes be fixed at home. Use asphalt crack filler and a tamper or roller to flatten small rough patches. Always wear gloves and safety gear during repairs.
Pick products designed for asphalt repairs. Keep in mind, DIY fixes are temporary—professional help is needed for major issues.
Cost Considerations and When to Hire Professionals
Deciding whether to DIY or hire a pro depends on damage extent and your budget. Small patches and sealcoating are affordable and manageable. Larger repairs—like resurfacing or full replacement—call for expert contractors.
Costs vary based on surface size, damage severity, and location. Cheaper options might save money upfront, but poor repairs can lead to bigger expenses later. Look for reputable asphalt contractors with good reviews and experience.
Conclusion
Asphalt gets rough because of weather, traffic, aging, and poor installation. Early detection and quick repairs can dramatically extend the lifespan of your surface. Regular maintenance and timely fixes prevent small issues from becoming costly problems.
Keeping asphalt smooth isn’t just about looks; it’s about safety, comfort, and saving money. Simple checks and routine upkeep make a big difference. Whether you patch minor cracks or opt for a complete resurfacing, investing in asphalt maintenance pays off in the long run. Protect your investment and enjoy safer, more attractive surfaces for years to come.